UIApplication

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/// 获取UIApplication对象
UIApplication *ap = [UIApplication sharedApplication];
/// 在设置之前, 要注册一个通知,从ios8之后,都要先注册一个通知对象.才能够接收到提醒.
UIUserNotificationSettings *notice = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeBadge categories:nil];
/// 注册通知对象
[ap registerUserNotificationSettings:notice];
/// 设置提醒数字
ap.applicationIconBadgeNumber = 20;

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@property(nonatomic,getter=isNetworkActivityIndicatorVisible) BOOL networkActivityIndicatorVisible;

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@property(nonatomic,readonly) UIApplicationState applicationState;

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, UIApplicationState) {
    UIApplicationStateActive,
    UIApplicationStateInactive,
    UIApplicationStateBackground
}

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ap.networkActivityIndicatorVisible = YES;

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- (BOOL)openURL:(NSURL*)url;

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// 最简单直接的方式，直接跳到拨号界面
UIApplication *app = [UIApplication sharedApplication];
[app openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"tel://10086"]];
// 这个方式的缺点是打完电话不会自动回到原应用，直接停留在通话记录界面。

// 拨号之前会弹框询问用户是否拨号，拨完后能自动回到原应用
UIApplication *app = [UIApplication sharedApplication];
[app openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"telprompt://10086"]];
// 这个方式的缺点是用的私有的 API，所以可能不会被审核通过。

//  创建一个 UIWebView 来加载 URl， 拨完后能自动回到原应用
if (_webView == nil) {
    _webView = [[UIWebView alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectZero];
}
[_webView loadRequest:[NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"tel://10010"]]];
// 需要注意的是：这个webView千万不要添加到界面上来，不然会挡住其他界面
// 电话号码不能有空格。

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// 直接跳转到发短信界面
UIApplication *app = [UIApplication sharedApplication];
[app openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"sms://10086"]];
// 这样不能指定短信内容，而且不能自动回到原应用。

// 使用 MessageUI 框架
// 如果想指定短信内容，那就得使用 MessageUI 框架。
//包含主头文件 
#import <MessageUI/MessageUI.h > 

// 显示发短信的控制器
MFMessageComposeViewController *vc = [[MFMessageComposeViewController alloc] init];
// 设置短信内容
vc.body = @"吃饭了没？";
// 设置收件人列表
vc.recipients = @[@"10010", @"02010010"];
// 设置代理
vc.messageComposeDelegate = self;
// 显示控制器
[self presentViewController:vc animated:YES completion:nil];

// 代理方法，当短信界面关闭的时候调用，发完后会自动回到原应用
- (void)messageComposeViewController:(MFMessageComposeViewController*)controller didFinishWithResult:(MessageComposeResult)result
{
    // 关闭短信界面
    [controller dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];
    if(result == MessageComposeResultCancelled) {
        NSLog(@"取消发送");
      } else if(result == MessageComposeResultSent) {
        NSLog(@"已经发出");
    } else {
        NSLog(@"发送失败");
    }
}

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[app openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"mailto://12345@qq.com"]];

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// 通过 MFMailComposeViewController 发邮件

// 1，发邮件


    // 不能发邮件
    if (![MFMailComposeViewController canSendMail])
        return;

    MFMailComposeViewController *vc = [[MFMailComposeViewController alloc] init];

    // 设置邮件主题
    [vc setSubject:@"会议"];
    // 设置邮件内容
    [vc setMessageBody:@"今天下午开会吧" isHTML:NO];
    // 设置收件人列表
    [vc setToRecipients:@[@"XXXX@qq.com"]];
    // 设置抄送人列表
    [vc setCcRecipients:@[@"1234@qq.com"]];
    // 设置密送人列表
    [vc setBccRecipients:@[@"56789@qq.com"]];

    // 添加附件（一张图片）
    UIImage *image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"xxx.png"];
    NSData *data = UIImagePNGRepresentation(image);
    [vc addAttachmentData:data mimeType:@"image/png" fileName:@"xxx.png"];

    // 设置代理
    vc.mailComposeDelegate = self;
    // 显示控制器
    [self presentViewController:vc animated:YES completion:nil];

// 2，发邮件代理方法,邮件发送后的代理方法回调，发完后会自动回到原应用

    - (void)mailComposeController:(MFMailComposeViewController*)controller didFinishWithResult:(MFMailComposeResult)result error:(NSError*)error
    {
        // 关闭邮件界面
        [controller dismissViewControllerAnimated:YES completion:nil];

        if(result == MFMailComposeResultCancelled) {
            NSLog(@"取消发送");
        } else if(result == MFMailComposeResultSent) {
            NSLog(@"已经发出");
        } else {
            NSLog(@"发送失败");
        }
    }

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[app openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"http://ios.itcast.cn"]];

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NSURL * myURL_APP_A = [NSURL URLWithString:@"testHello://"];
if ([[UIApplication sharedApplication] canOpenURL:myURL_APP_A]) {
    NSLog(@"canOpenURL");
    [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:myURL_APP_A];
}

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testHello://
testHello://com.fcplayer.testHello
testHello://config=1&abar=2

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- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application handleOpenURL:(NSURL*)url
{
    // Do something withthe url here
}

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NSString *appid = @"xxxx"; 
NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat: @"itms-apps://ax.itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewContentsUserReviews?type=Purple+Software&id=%@", appid];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:str]];

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NSString *str = [NSString stringWithFormat: @"itms-apps://itunes.apple.com/cn/app/id%@?mt=8", appid];
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:str]];

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UIKIT_EXTERN int UIApplicationMain(int argc, char *argv[], NSString * __nullable principalClassName, NSString * __nullable delegateClassName);

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@implementation AppDelegate

// 1. 应用程序启动完成，会调用此方法，启动之后，将不再调用此方法！
// 如果因为内存等原因，应用程序被操作系统干掉，再次点击图标，会调用此方法！
- (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions
{
    NSLog(@"应用程序启动");

    return YES;
}

// 2. 应用程序注销激活状态，游戏应该再次方法中暂停游戏进程！此方法在游戏开发中尤为重要！
- (void)applicationWillResignActive:(UIApplication *)application
{
    NSLog(@"%s", __func__);

    // Sent when the application is about to move from active to inactive state. This can occur for certain types of temporary interruptions (such as an incoming phone call or SMS message) or when the user quits the application and it begins the transition to the background state.
    // Use this method to pause ongoing tasks, disable timers, and throttle down OpenGL ES frame rates. Games should use this method to pause the game.
}

// 3. 应用程序退出到后台，释放共享资源，保存用户数据，停止时钟，保存足够的应用程序状态信息...
- (void)applicationDidEnterBackground:(UIApplication *)application
{
    NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
    // Use this method to release shared OC-UIApplication, save user data, invalidate timers, and store enough application state information to restore your application to its current state in case it is terminated later.
     // If your application supports background execution, this method is called instead of applicationWillTerminate: when the user quits.
}

// 4. 应用程序进入前台，如果在进入后台保存数据等操作，在此方法中，回复进入后台的操作
- (void)applicationWillEnterForeground:(UIApplication *)application
{
    NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
    // Called as part of the transition from the background to the inactive state; here you can undo many of the changes made on entering the background.
}

// 5. 应用程序变成活动状态，重新启动原来暂停的状态
- (void)applicationDidBecomeActive:(UIApplication *)application
{
    NSLog(@"%s", __func__);
    // Restart any tasks that were paused (or not yet started) while the application was inactive. If the application was previously in the background, optionally refresh the user interface.
}

// 6. 应用程序将被终止
- (void)applicationWillTerminate:(UIApplication *)application
{
    // Called when the application is about to terminate. Save data if appropriate. See also applicationDidEnterBackground:.
}

@end

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static Persion *_instance;
+ (void)load
{
    /// 想要保存创建的对象, 要用成员属性,但是现在是类方法, 没有办法访问成员属性,所以搞了一个static的静态变量进行保存
    /// 创建对象
    _instance = [[self alloc] init];
}

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+(instancetype)alloc
{
    当调用alloc方法时,先查看一下_instance有没有值,如果已经有值的话,直接抛出异常.
    if(_instance)
    {
        NSException *exception = [NSException exceptionWithName:@"NSInternalInconsistencyException"
                                                     reason:@"There can only be one Persion instance."
                                                   userInfo:nil];/// 抛出异常
        [exception raise];
    }
    /// 保持系统的做法.
    return [super alloc];
}

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+ (instancetype)sharePersion
{
    return _instance
}